![]() Here, we show that the classical condition of cyclotron resonance fails to describe the observations of low-energy particles in resonance with large-amplitude waves, which highlights the roles of the wave field in nonlinearly modifying the resonant picture. In this classical picture, however, the particle’s angular velocity is determined only by the background magnetic field. Learn about joint DOE-private sector efforts to advance fusion power in these presentations from a June 2022 workshop.Cyclotron resonance between plasma waves and charged particles is a fundamental and ubiquitous process in the plasma universe, during which the particle’s gyromotion has a constant phase in the wave field to enable a sustained energy exchange.High-frequency electromagnetic radiation involves heating the plasma by transferring energy from electromagnetic radiation to particles in the plasma. Neutral particle beam injection involves heating the plasma by injecting high-energy particles into the tokamak. ![]() Ohmic heating involves heat generated by resistance to the plasma current, much like how the coils in a toaster heat up.
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